Оценка рисков здоровью и влияния на иммунитет 2,4ꞌ‑дихлорбифенила (ПХБ 8) и продуктов его бактериальной деструкции при пероральном поступлении в организм

Проблема негативного воздействия полихлорированных бифенилов (ПХБ) на организм человека и животных является актуальной в настоящее время. Однако основное внимание уделяется рискам, обусловленным загрязнением окружающей среды высокохлорированными бифенилами. В настоящем исследовании изучено воздействие дихлорированного бифенила (ПХБ 8) и продуктов его бактериальной трансформации на иммунитет. Установлено, что ПХБ 8 снижает показатели антителообразования, но не влияет на клеточноопосредованный иммунитет. Деградация ПХБ 8 штаммом Rhodococcus opacus FG1 приводит к нивелированию негативного влияния соединения на гуморальный иммунитет. В результате бактериальной трансформации под действием ферментов штамма Rhodococcus opacus FG1 (ВКМ Ас‑3030) концентрация ПХБ 8 за 14 сут снизилась в 16.9 раза. При этом в среде зафиксировано накопление 2‑хлорбензойной (2‑ХБК) и 4‑хлорбензойной (4‑ХБК) кислот. Анализ влияния 2‑ХБК и 4‑ХБК на показатели иммунитета не выявил негативных эффектов. Расчет рисков показал, что, несмотря на снижение концентрации ПХБ 8 в процессе биотрансформации, уровень неканцерогенного риска остается высоким как для детей, так и для взрослых, а показатель канцерогенного риска снижается к 14 сут до допустимого и безопасного значений для детей и взрослых соответственно. Расчетные значения неканцерогенного риска от образующихся ХБК не представляют опасность для здоровья.

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