uzakuescУченые записки Казанского университета. Серия Естественные наукиUchenye Zapiski Kazanskogo Universiteta Seriya Estestvennye Nauki2542-064X2500-218XKazan (Volga Region) Federal University10.26907/2542-064X.2026.1.75-90uzakuesc-495Research ArticleСтатьиОценка рисков здоровью и влияния на иммунитет 2,4ꞌ‑дихлорбифенила (ПХБ 8) и продуктов его бактериальной деструкции при пероральном поступлении в организмAssessment of health risks and immunological effects from oral exposure to 2,4ꞌ‑dichlorobiphenyl (PCB 8) and its bacterial degradation productshttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8018-4687ЕгороваД. О.EgorovaD. O.

Дарья Олеговна Егорова - доктор биологических наук, доцент, старший научный сотрудник лаборатории микробиологии техногенных экосистем Института экологии и генетики микроорганизмов УрО РАН – филиала ПФИЦ УрО РАН.

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Darya O. Egorova - Dr. Sci. (Biology), Associate Professor, Senior Researcher, Laboratory of Technogenic Ecosystems Microbiology, Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms.

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daryao@rambler.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0799-3397ГейнС. В.GeinS. V.

Сергей Владимирович Гейн - доктор медицинских наук, профессор, директор Института экологии и генетики микроорганизмов УрО РАН – филиала ПФИЦ УрО РАН.

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Sergey V. Gein - Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor, Head of Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms.

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gein@iegm.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0005-3068-249XКоролевН. А.KorolevN. A.

Николай Александрович Королев - аспирант лаборатории микробиологии техногенных экосистем Института экологии и генетики микроорганизмов УрО РАН – филиала ПФИЦ УрО РАН.

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Nikolay A. Korolev - Postgraduate Student, Laboratory of Technogenic Ecosystems Microbiology, Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms.

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nicolay.korolyov@autluk.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3161-6444КирьяноваТ. Д.Kir’yanovaT. D.

Татьяна Денисовна Кирьянова - инженер лаборатории микробиологии техногенных экосистем Института экологии и генетики микроорганизмов УрО РАН – филиала ПФИЦ УрО РАН.

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Tatyana D. Kir’yanova - Engineer, Laboratory of Technogenic Ecosystems Microbiology, Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms.

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kitadi2101@gmail.comИнститут экологии и генетики микроорганизмов УрО РАН – филиал ПФИЦ УрО РАНРоссияInstitute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of SciencesRussian Federation20260103202616817590Copyright © Егорова Д.О., Гейн С.В., Королев Н.А., Кирьянова Т.Д., 20262026Егорова Д.О., Гейн С.В., Королев Н.А., Кирьянова Т.Д.Egorova D.O., Gein S.V., Korolev N.A., Kir’yanova T.D.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://uzakuesc.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/495

Проблема негативного воздействия полихлорированных бифенилов (ПХБ) на организм человека и животных является актуальной в настоящее время. Однако основное внимание уделяется рискам, обусловленным загрязнением окружающей среды высокохлорированными бифенилами. В настоящем исследовании изучено воздействие дихлорированного бифенила (ПХБ 8) и продуктов его бактериальной трансформации на иммунитет. Установлено, что ПХБ 8 снижает показатели антителообразования, но не влияет на клеточноопосредованный иммунитет. Деградация ПХБ 8 штаммом Rhodococcus opacus FG1 приводит к нивелированию негативного влияния соединения на гуморальный иммунитет. В результате бактериальной трансформации под действием ферментов штамма Rhodococcus opacus FG1 (ВКМ Ас‑3030) концентрация ПХБ 8 за 14 сут снизилась в 16.9 раза. При этом в среде зафиксировано накопление 2‑хлорбензойной (2‑ХБК) и 4‑хлорбензойной (4‑ХБК) кислот. Анализ влияния 2‑ХБК и 4‑ХБК на показатели иммунитета не выявил негативных эффектов. Расчет рисков показал, что, несмотря на снижение концентрации ПХБ 8 в процессе биотрансформации, уровень неканцерогенного риска остается высоким как для детей, так и для взрослых, а показатель канцерогенного риска снижается к 14 сут до допустимого и безопасного значений для детей и взрослых соответственно. Расчетные значения неканцерогенного риска от образующихся ХБК не представляют опасность для здоровья.

The adverse effects of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) on human and animal health pose a significant concern. However, to date, most studies have considered the risks of environmental contamination by highly chlorinated biphenyls. This study, on the contrary, focuses on the impact of dichlorinated biphenyl (PCB 8) and its bacterial transformation products on the immune system. PCB 8 was found to suppress antibody formation without affecting cell-mediated immunity responses. The degradation of PCB 8 by Rhodococcus opacus FG1 reduced its impairment of humoral immunity. The bacterial transformation by Rhodococcus opacus FG1 (VKM Ac‑3030) enzymes induced a 16.9-fold decrease in the PCB 8 concentration over 14 days. Concurrently, 2‑chlorobenzoic acid (2‑CBA) and 4‑chlorobenzoic acid (4‑CBA) accumulated in the medium. The assessment of the immune parameters following the exposure to 2‑CBA and 4‑CBA revealed no negative changes. The data from the health risk assessment demonstrated that, despite the observed decrease in the PCB 8 concentration during biotransformation, the non-carcinogenic risk remained high for both children and adults, whereas the carcinogenic risk declined to acceptable and safe levels for children and adults, respectively, by day 14. The calculated non-carcinogenic risk values from the resulting CBAs were not associated with health hazards.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.